Manta Rays Myths and Legends Around the World

Apr 28, 2025 | About Manta Rays

Manta rays are featured prominently in myths and legends across various coastal cultures worldwide. Their shape, size, and mysterious habits have sparked human imagination for centuries, generating stories that reflect the fascination, reverence, and sometimes fear people had for these gentle giants.

The stories we share here were collected from various sources, including blogs, social media posts, and personal accounts. They haven’t been verified by scientific or historical research, but simply reveal the profound impact manta rays have had on human cultures. We welcome any feedback or additional stories – tell us about them in the comments or get in touch!

Hawaiian Cultural Connections

Traditionally, Hawaiians believe that ancestors can take the form of certain animals after death, becoming protectors for their descendants. Manta rays (or “hāhālua”) are known as ‘aumakua: god-like creatures that take animal form and serve as family or personal guardians.

For families with manta ray ‘aumakua, these serve as spiritual guardians, swimming alongside canoes to guide fishermen safely or appearing in times of danger to provide protection. These families would never harm a manta ray, believing them to be the embodiment of their ancestors watching over them.

The manta ray also appears in the Kumulipo, the sacred Hawaiian creation chant. This ancient genealogical chant establishes the hierarchy of all living things and classifies manta rays among the higher forms of sea creatures: deep divers who access realms beyond human reach.

For some Hawaiian cultural practitioners, the distinctive markings on manta rays’ ventral sides (unique to each individual, just like human fingerprints) represent the connection between the mantas and the families they protect. The presence of a manta ray near shore was often seen as a powerful sign or message from ancestors.

Micronesian Maritime Mythology

Across Micronesia, particularly in the Caroline Islands, manta rays feature prominently in creation myths and traditional stories. One legend tells of a goddess who took the form of a manta ray to help fishermen during difficult times by guiding them to abundant fishing grounds.

In some island communities, specific manta rays were believed to be embodiments of ocean gods. Fishermen would observe manta behavior to predict weather patterns and optimal fishing conditions. This actually aligns with modern scientific observations, as manta behavior often correlates with plankton abundance and changes in weather.

The people of Yap, in particular, incorporated manta ray imagery into their traditional dances, mimicking the manta rays’ graceful movements to honor their importance to oceanic life and human sustenance.

The Devil Fish Misconception

Not all cultural interpretations of manta rays have been positive; European sailors often misunderstood the nature of these massive creatures. Manta rays, just like their close relatives, the mobula rays, sometimes jump out of the water (a phenomenon called breaching), which can be very impressive.

This jumping behavior, combined with their dark dorsal colors and cephalic fins that can resemble “horns,” led to manta rays being labeled “devil fish” or “devil rays.” Ancient mariners’ accounts tell tales of mantas attacking ships or dragging sailors to their doom – fabricated stories that unfortunately contributed to fear rather than understanding.

These misconceptions persisted in Western culture well into the 20th century, with early films and literature often portraying mantas as dangerous sea monsters rather than the gentle filter feeders they are now known to be. It wasn’t until the 1970s that attitudes toward manta rays began to change, illustrating how cultural interpretation can significantly influence human relationships with wildlife.

Southeast Asian Symbolism

In parts of Southeast Asia, particularly among communities in the Philippines and Indonesia, manta rays are revered as symbols of grace, harmony, and the fluid nature of life. Their seemingly effortless movement through water, appearing to fly rather than swim, inspired philosophical concepts about navigating life’s challenges with the same elegance.

Traditional tattooing in some Pacific Island cultures incorporated manta ray motifs to protect the wearer on ocean journeys. The distinctive diamond shape of the manta, with its wings spread wide, became a powerful symbol in art and cultural expressions.

Indonesian fishermen from certain regions traditionally believed that manta rays carried the souls of those lost at sea, providing them safe passage to the afterlife. This led some communities to establish taboos against harming mantas, creating early forms of conservation practices that protected these vulnerable species.

South American Ancient Beliefs

In ancient Peru, the Moche civilization, which existed from approximately 100 to 700 CE, created elaborate artwork featuring manta rays. Unlike some cultures that revered the mantas, the Moche seemed to fear them. Their stories claimed that manta rays could pull fishing vessels out to sea by their anchor, a belief that persisted among sailors in various cultures for centuries.

Modern Mythmaking

Even in our modern era of scientific understanding, manta rays continue to inspire awe and generate new cultural narratives. Divers and snorkelers who encounter mantas often describe the experience in nearly spiritual terms, feeling a profound connection when making eye contact with these intelligent creatures.

When we take visitors on moonlight manta swims, we frequently hear them describe the experience as “life-changing” or “magical” – evidence that these animals continue to hold a special power to move the human spirit, just as they did for ancient cultures.

Some even refer to manta rays as “angels of the sea” due to their graceful, wing-like appearance and gentle demeanor. This perfectly captures the sense of wonder and reverence humans continue to feel when they encounter these magnificent creatures.

Cultural Conservation Connection

The cultural importance of manta rays helped protect them in many traditional societies. When communities viewed mantas as spiritual beings or symbols of prosperity, they often created rules against hunting them, thereby establishing a basic form of conservation based on cultural beliefs rather than scientific principles.

Today, these cultural connections support conservation efforts: when we protect manta rays, we’re more successful if we include both tradition and scientific research. Communities are more likely to support conservation efforts when they respect their cultural values regarding mantas.

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